Glaucoma: What You Need to Know

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, but most people don’t realize they have it until damage is already done. It’s basically a group of eye diseases where the optic nerve gets damaged, often because fluid builds up and raises the pressure inside the eye. The good news? Early detection and proper treatment can keep your vision safe for life.

Common Signs and Why Early Detection Matters

Unlike a cataract that causes a cloudy lens you can see, glaucoma sneaks in quietly. In many cases you won’t notice any change in vision at first. That’s why regular eye exams are critical, especially after age 40 or if you have a family history. When symptoms do appear, they usually include:

• Peripheral (side) vision loss – you might start missing objects on the edges of your view.
• Blurry vision that doesn’t improve with glasses.
• Seeing halos around lights, especially at night.
• Eye pain or headache, more common in acute angle‑closure glaucoma.

If you notice any of these, call your eye doctor right away. An eye pressure test (tonometry) and a quick scan of the optic nerve can confirm whether you have glaucoma.

Treatment Options and Lifestyle Tips

Once glaucoma is diagnosed, doctors aim to lower eye pressure and stop further nerve damage. The most common approach is prescription eye drops that either reduce fluid production or improve its drainage. For many people, consistent use of drops keeps the pressure under control.

If drops aren’t enough, laser therapy or surgery may be recommended. Laser trabeculoplasty creates tiny openings in the drainage system, while surgical options like trabeculectomy make a new pathway for fluid to leave the eye. These procedures sound intimidating, but most patients recover quickly and keep their vision stable.

Beyond medical treatment, a few lifestyle tweaks can help manage pressure:

• Exercise regularly – moderate aerobic activity can lower eye pressure slightly.
• Stay hydrated, but avoid drinking large amounts of water all at once.
• Protect your eyes from injury; a blunt blow can trigger acute angle‑closure glaucoma.
• Limit caffeine intake if you’re sensitive; high caffeine can raise pressure in some people.

Don’t forget to schedule comprehensive eye exams at least once every two years, or more often if your doctor advises. Early catching of pressure spikes gives you the best chance to keep your vision sharp.

Glaucoma may sound scary, but with regular check‑ups, proper medication, and a few healthy habits, you can stay ahead of it. If you have risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history, be extra diligent about appointments. Your eyes are worth the effort – a simple test today could save you years of clear sight tomorrow.